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The flame troops remained on the East Front and conducted an attack about two weeks later at Jakobstadt with 101 FW flammenwerfer. 4000 POWs and 55 cannon were taken.' For those interested, here with some translations from the German: 'Assault Battalion' and 'Instructions for the formation of shock troops '. Mar 02, 2015 This Is a Flammenwerfer, It W. Uploaded by Sir Lurkmoore Facebook Comments + Add a Comment. Comments 3 total + Add a Comment. Add a Comment + Add an Image. Image Details. 40,688 views (17 from today) Uploaded Mar 02, 2015 at 06:15PM EST. Origin Entry. This Is a Flammenwerfer, It Werfs Flammen. 4chan, thread.
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All major powers of World War 2 fielded some sort of man-portable flamethrower (or 'flame projector') during the conflict - the Germans developing and adopting the 'Flammenwerfer 35' of 1935. The type was a single-user evolution of the three-man, team-based system of World War 1 to which the German Army debuted against the French in 1914.
The FmW 35 series incorporated a twin-tank backpack configuration with a line running to the hand-held projector. One tank held the fuel whilst the other held the required propellant. Both were combined at the projector and ignited via a hydrogen based system. While effective in testing and early war usage, the German Army soon learned that the unforgiving Soviet winter played havoc on their many well-engineered weapons including the FmW 35 series - ignition becoming the primary problem. Additionally, the system, as a whole and fully filled, weighed close to 80lbs and this on the back of a sole operator - making for one cumbersome weapon. Comparatively, flamethrowers were one of the ultimate psychological tools of war - if one could get within range of the enemy that is.In 1941, the Germans opened the second front to the east, the 'Eastern Front', by invading the Soviet Union in June. This also brought adoption of a new, streamlined flamethrowing system to replace the aging FmW 35 series in the 'Flammenwerfer 41'.
The FmW 41 retained the twin-tank arrangement set upon the operators back (held in place via traditional straps) and generally followed the same form and function of the preceding design. A line was drawn from the two tanks into a hand-held projector system and flushed through a nozzle with ignition found at the point of exit. Early forms retained the same hydrogen-based ignition system though experiences in the harsh winter of 1941 heading into 1942 soon forced an adoption of a cartridge-based ignition system.
This new ignition system proved more reliable in the operating temperatures expected and gave better service everywhere else. The streamlining of the tanks also produced a much lighter system at 63lbs compared to the 80lbs of the FmW 35. Range was only slightly improved out to approximately 30 yards.As in with any battlefield flame projector of the war, the operator could fire a direct stream at a target/target area or arch the stream to 'rain' fire down on entrenched enemy positions. Against flammable fortifications, a flamethrower could make short work of structures, burning them down within minutes as proved the case across the vast Russian countryside. Such weapons also proved helpful in flushing out stubborn defenders, the flames reaching every crevasse when fired into confined spaces such as those of a pillbox.The FmW 41 was fielded during all major German-Soviet engagements of the East Front such as at Stalingrad and utilized through to the end of the war into 1945.
Production spanned from 1941 until right before the cessation of hostilities in May. One other, though less notable, variant appeared in time - a single-burst paratrooper model known as the Einstoss Flammenwerfer Tragbar. From a 1.5 second burst, the weapon could reach out to 30 yards away, providing light infantry with a very specialized weapon.
Production is of this variant was said to be extremely limited in the context of World War 2 which went in line with the German's dwindling reliance on paratroopers as a whole.In the field, FmW 41 operators suffered the same limitations and dangers encountered by FmW 35 flamethrower infantry - their tanks could be penetrated by rifle fire at range. Unlike Hollywood's vision of a punctured flamethrower tank, real-life flamethrowers were not prone to engulfing into flames when struck. The exiting pressures would propel the operator forward and spraying fuel held the possibility of igniting - just not in the glorious fashion Hollywood envisions. Incendiary rounds held the best value of igniting fuel stores and these were not on standard issued to standard frontline rifles. Due to their distinct projectors and backpack tanks, FmW 41 operators were obvious targets along a horizon and, thusly, measures were taken to ensure their livelihood including crude modifications to the projector element to make it appear more as a service rifle.
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United States Marines demonstrating flamethrower usage (2012)A flamethrower is a mechanical designed to project a long, controllable stream of. First deployed by the Greeks in the 1st century AD, flamethowers saw use in modern times during, and more widely in.Most military flamethrowers use thickened into a consistency similar to, but commercial flamethrowers generally use high-pressure and; such mobile liquids and gases are safer in peacetime applications, because their flames dissipate faster and often are easier to extinguish when necessary, because they are volatile and their liquid residues soak into porous media such as dry soil. In contrast, a military flamethrower's viscous or gelled fuel sticks to the surfaces of its targets and is harder to dissipate with water, so it easily re-ignites after the flame has been extinguished. It also spreads less than mobile fluids, so that it permits a more manageably targeted burn.From the military point of view, when flamethrower fuel burns in a confined space such as a tunnel or dugout, its effects go beyond the threat of burning; it quickly consumes the enclosed oxygen and pollutes the air within, so that and may be as effective a weapon as the actual flames.Apart from the military applications, flamethrowers have peacetime applications where there is a need for controlled burning, such as in harvesting and other land-management tasks. Various forms are designed for an operator to carry, while others are mounted on vehicles. German (burning detachment) destroying during theThe man-portable flamethrower consists of two elements — the backpack and the gun.
The backpack element usually consists of two or three cylinders. In a two-cylinder system, one cylinder holds compressed, inert propellant gas (usually ), and the other holds flammable liquid, typically, with some form of fuel thickener added to it. A three-cylinder system often has two outer cylinders of flammable liquid and a central cylinder of propellant gas to maintain the balance of the soldier carrying it. The gas propels the liquid fuel out of the cylinder through a flexible pipe and then into the gun element of the flamethrower system. The gun consists of a small reservoir, a spring-loaded valve, and an ignition system; depressing a trigger opens the valve, allowing pressurized flammable liquid to flow and pass over the and out of the gun nozzle.
The igniter can be one of several ignition systems: A simple type is an electrically-heated wire coil; another used a small, fueled with pressurized gas from the system.The flamethrower is a potent weapon with great psychological impact, inflicting a particularly horrific death. This has led to some calls for the weapon to be banned. It is primarily used against battlefield fortifications, and other protected emplacements.
A flamethrower projects a stream of flammable liquid, rather than flame, which allows bouncing the stream off walls and ceilings to project the fire into unseen spaces, such as inside bunkers. Typically, popular visual media depict the flamethrower as short-ranged and only effective for a few meters (due to the common use of gas as the fuel in flamethrowers in movies, for the safety of the actors).
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Army War Show November 27, 1942The risk of a flamethrower operator being caught in the explosion of their weapon due to enemy hits on the tanks is exaggerated in films. However, there are cases where the pressure tanks have exploded and killed the operator when hit by bullets or grenade shrapnel. In the documentary, platoon sergeant Charles Brown tells of how one of his men was killed when his flamethrower was hit by grenade shrapnel during the battle for.“Flame thrower operators did not usually face a fiery death from the slightest spark or even from having their tank hit by a normal bullet as often depicted in modern war films.
The Gas Container i.e. The pressurizer is filled with a non-flammable gas that is under high pressure. If this tank were ruptured, it might knock the operator forward as it was expended in the same way a pressurized bursts outward when punctured. The fuel mixture in the Fuel Containers is difficult to light, which is why magnesium filled igniters are required when the weapon is fired.
Fire a bullet into a metal can filled with diesel or napalm and it will merely leak out the hole unless the round was an incendiary type that could possibly ignite the mixture inside. This also applies to the flame thrower Fuel Container.”The best way to minimize the disadvantages of flame weapons was to mount them on armoured vehicles.
The Commonwealth and the United States were the most prolific users of vehicle-mounted flame weapons; the British and Canadians fielded 'Wasps' ( fitted with flamethrowers) at infantry battalion level, beginning in mid-1944, and eventually incorporating them into infantry battalions. Early tank-mounted flamethrower vehicles included the 'Badger' (a converted ) and the 'Oke', used first at. Operation A propane-operated flamethrower is a relatively straightforward device. The gas is expelled through the gun assembly by its own pressure and is ignited at the exit of the barrel through.Liquid-operated flamethrowers use a smaller tank with a pressurized gas to expel the flammable liquid fuel. The propellant gas is fed to two tubes. The first opens in the fuel tanks, providing the pressure necessary for expelling the liquid. The other tube leads to an ignition chamber behind the exit of the gun assembly, where it is mixed with air and ignited through piezo ignition.
This pre-ignition line is the source of the flame seen in front of the gun assembly in movies and documentaries. As the fuel passes through the flame, it is ignited and propelled towards the target.Origins.
Boeotian flame thrower (model),The concept of throwing fire as a weapon has existed since ancient times.During the, used some kind of a flamethrower trying to destroy the fortification walls of the during the.Later, during the era, whose inhabitants used rudimentary hand-pumped flamethrowers on board their naval ships in the early 1st century AD (see ). Greek fire, extensively used by the, is said to have been invented by of, probably about 673. The flamethrower found its origins also in the Byzantine Empire, employing Greek fire in a device of a hand-held pump that shot bursts of Greek fire via a -hose and, igniting it with a match, similar to modern versions, as it was ejected. Greek fire, used primarily at sea, gave the Byzantines a substantial military advantage against enemies such as members of the (who later adopted the use of Greek fire). An 11th-century illustration of its use survives in the manuscript.
A flamethrower from the manuscript of 1044 AD,The (fire spraying machine; lit. Spray fire device) was a Chinese piston flamethrower that used a substance similar to petrol or, invented around 919 AD during the. Advances in military technology aided the in its defense against hostile neighbours to the north, including the. The earliest reference to Greek fire in China was made in 917 AD, written by in his. In 919 AD, the siphon projector-pump was used to spread the ' that could not be doused with water, as recorded by Lin Yu (林禹) in his Wu-Yue Beishi (吳越備史), hence the first credible Chinese reference to the flamethrower employing the chemical solution of Greek fire. Lin Yu mentioned also that the 'fierce fire oil' derived ultimately from China's contact in the 'southern seas', with (大食國 Dashiguo). In the (Wolf Mountain River) in 919, the naval fleet of the of defeated the fleet of the because he had used 'fire oil' to burn his fleet; this signified the first Chinese use of in warfare, since a slow-burning match fuse was required to ignite the flames.
The Chinese applied the use of double- to pump petrol out of a single cylinder (with an upstroke and a downstroke), lit at the end by a slow-burning gunpowder match to fire a continuous stream of flame (as referred to in the manuscript of 1044 AD). In the suppression of the state by 976 AD, early Song naval forces confronted them on the Yangtze River in 975 AD. Southern Tang forces attempted to use flamethrowers against the Song navy, but were accidentally consumed by their own fire when violent winds swept in their direction. Documented also in later Chinese publications, illustrations and descriptions of mobile flamethrowers on four-wheel push carts appear in the Wujing Zongyao, written in 1044 AD (its illustration redrawn in 1601 as well).Although flamethrowers were never used in the, the use of Greek fire was threatened, and flamethrowers have been in use in most modern conflicts ever since.
Early 20th century. See also:The English word 'flamethrower' is a of, since the modern flamethrower was invented in Germany. The first flamethrower, in the modern sense, is usually credited to. He submitted evaluation models of his Flammenwerfer to the in 1901.
The most significant model submitted was a portable device, consisting of a vertical single cylinder 4 feet (1.2 m) long, horizontally divided in two, with pressurized gas in the lower section and flammable oil in the upper section. On depressing a lever the propellant gas forced the flammable oil into and through a rubber tube and over a simple igniting wick device in a steel nozzle. The weapon projected a jet of fire and enormous clouds of smoke some 20 yards (18 m). It was a single-shot weapon—for burst firing, a new igniter section was attached each time.
A German soldier using a flamethrower in RussiaThe Germans made considerable use of the weapon during their invasion of the Netherlands and France, against fixed fortifications. World War II German army flamethrowers tended to have one large fuel tank with the pressurizer tank fastened to its back or side. Some German army flamethrowers occupied only the lower part of its wearer's back, leaving the upper part of his back free for an ordinary rucksack.Flamethrowers soon fell into disfavor. Flamethrowers were extensively used by German units in in, both in 1943 in the and in 1944 in the (See the and the article on the 1943.) With the contraction of the Third Reich during the latter half of World War II, a smaller, more compact flamethrower known as the was produced.Germany also used flamethrower vehicles, most of them based on the chassis of the half track and the and tanks, generally known as.The Germans also produced the, a flame-mine or, based on a Soviet version of the weapon. This was essentially a disposable, single use flamethrower that was buried alongside conventional land mines at key defensive points and triggered by either a trip-wire or a command wire. The weapon contained around 8 US gallons (30 l) of fuel, that was discharged within a second, to a second and a half, producing a flame with a 15-yard (14 m) range.
One defensive installation found in Italy included seven of the weapons, carefully concealed and wired to a central control point. Italy Italy employed man-portable flamethrowers and during the of 1935 to 1936, during the, and during. The L3 Lf flame tank was a or tankette with a flamethrower operating from the machine gun mount. In the, the L3 Lf flame tank found little to no success.
An L6 Lf flametank was also developed using the light tank platform.Japan. 3 men with British -type ' flamethrowersThe British World War II army flamethrowers, 'Ack Packs', had a doughnut-shaped fuel tank with a small spherical pressurizer gas tank in the middle. As a result, some troops nicknamed them 'lifebuoys'. It was officially known as.Extensive plans were made in 1940-1941 by the to use static flame projectors in the event of an invasion, with around 50,000 barrel-based incendiary mines being deployed in 7,000 batteries throughout Southern England.The British hardly used their man-portable systems, relying on tanks in the European theatre. These tanks proved very effective against German defensive positions, and caused official Axis protests against their use. This flamethrower could produce a jet of flame exceeding 140 metres (150 yd).
There are documented instances of German units summarily executing any captured British flame-tank crews.In the Pacific theatre, Australian forces used converted, known as Matilda.United States. Front and rear views of a man with a M2A1-7 United States Army flamethrowerIn the Pacific theatre, The U.S. Army used M-1 & M-2 flamethrowers to clear stubborn Japanese resistance from prepared defenses, caves, and trenches. Starting in New Guinea, through the closing stages on Guadalcanal and during the approach to and reconquest of the Philippines and then through the Okinawa campaign, the Army deployed hand-held, man-portable units.Often flamethrower teams were made up of combat engineer units, later with troops of the chemical warfare service. The Army fielded more Flamethrower units than the Marine Corps, and The Army's Chemical Warfare Service pioneered tank mounted flamethrowers on Sherman tanks (CWS-POA H-4). All the flamethrower tanks on Okinawa were supplied and manned by Army troops and often supported Marine infantry.
Many of the first Marine flamerthrower units were trained by Army specialists in Hawaii and other places in the South Pacific.The U.S. Army used flamethrowers in Europe in much smaller numbers, though they were available for special employments. Flamethrowers were deployed during the in order to clear fortifications. Also, most boat teams on included a two-man flamethrower team.The Marine Corps used the backpack-type and flamethrowers, also finding them useful in clearing Japanese trench and bunker complexes. The first known USMC use of the man portable flamethrower was against the formidable defenses at Tarawa in November 1943. The Marines pioneered the use of Ronson-equipped M-3 Stuart tanks in the Marianas.
These were known as SATAN flame tanks. Though effective, they lacked the armor to safely engage fortifications and were phased out in favor of the better-armored M4 Sherman tanks. Most Marine Flamethrower Shermans were of the Army Type (CWS-POA or Chemical Warfare Service Pacific Ocean Area). The Marines also deployed large Navy Flamethrowers in the cargo compartment of LVT-4 AMTRACs and used them on Peleliu.
Late in the war, both services operated LVT-4 & -5 amphibious Flametanks in limited numbers. Both the Army and the Marines still used their infantry-portable systems, despite the arrival of adapted Sherman tanks with the Ronson system (cf. ).In cases where the Japanese were installed in deep caves, the flames often consumed the available oxygen, suffocating the occupants. Many Japanese troops interviewed post war said they were terrified more by flamethrowers than any other American weapon.
Flame thrower operators were often the first U.S. Troops targeted.Soviet Union. A Finnish soldier with a captured Soviet ROKS-3 flamethrower, June 1943. Note the flame projector has been designed to resemble a standard infantry rifleThe FOG-1 and 2 flamethrowers were stationary devices used in defense.
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They could also be categorized as a projecting incendiary mine. The FOG had only one cylinder of fuel, which was compressed using an explosive charge and projected through a nozzle.
The November 1944 issue of the US War Department Intelligence Bulletin refers to these ' flame throwers' being used in the Soviet defense of Stalingrad. The FOG-1 was directly copied by the Germans as the.Unlike the flamethrowers of the other powers during World War II, the Soviets were the only ones to consciously attempt to their infantry flamethrowers. With the this was done by disguising the flame projector as a standard issue rifle, such as the, and the fuel tanks as a standard infantryman's rucksack. This was to try to stop the flamethrower operator from being specifically targeted by enemy fire. This 'rifle' had a working action which was used to cycle blank igniter cartridges.After 1945.
An tank of the USMC during the Vietnam warThe used flamethrowers in the. The, an with a mounted flame thrower was successfully used in the conflict.Flamethrowers have not been in the U.S. Arsenal since 1978, when the unilaterally stopped using them — the last American infantry flamethrower was the Vietnam-era M9-7. They have been deemed of questionable effectiveness in modern combat. Despite some assertions, they are not generally banned, but as incendiary weapons they are subject to the usage prohibitions described under Protocol III of the.USA army flamethrowers developed up to the model. In the M9 the propellant tank is a sphere below the left fuel tank and does not project backwards.Non-flamethrower incendiary weapons remain in modern military arsenals. Have been fielded in Afghanistan by the United States.
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The USA and USSR both developed a rocket launcher specifically for the deployment of incendiary munitions, respectively the and the RPO 'Rys,' ancestor of the.In the last stages of, during the mid-80s, the smuggled a number of Soviet military flamethrowers (supplied to them by the government) into. They used a flamethrower, among other weapons, to storm a, near, on 13 December 1989. Another IRA unit attacked a British Army watchtower, the Borucki sangar, with an improvised flamethrower towed by a tractor in, on 12 December 1992. The device consisted of a which doused the facility with fuel, ignited few seconds later by a small explosion. A nine-meter-high fireball engulfed the tower. The four inside were rescued by a armored vehicle.
Private ownership In the, private ownership of a flamethrower is not restricted. Flamethrowers are legal in 48 states and restricted in and.In California, unlicensed possession of a flame-throwing device—statutorily defined as 'any non-stationary and transportable device designed or intended to emit or propel a burning stream of combustible or flammable liquid a distance of at least 10 feet' H&W 12750 (a)—is a punishable with a county jail term not exceeding one year OR with a fine not exceeding $10,000 (CA H&W 12761). Licenses to use flamethrowers are issued by the State Fire Marshal, and they may use any criteria for issuing or not issuing that license which is deemed fit, but must publish those criteria in the California Code of Regulations, Title 11, Section 970 et seq.In the United Kingdom, flamethrowers are a 'prohibited weapon' under section 5(1)(b) of the and article 45(1)(f) of the Firearms (Northern Ireland) Order 2004 and possession of a flamethrower would carry a sentence of up to ten years' imprisonment. In 1994, a man attacked school pupils at, just outside, with a home-made flamethrower.A South African inventor brought the car mounted flamethrower to market in 1998 as a security device to defend against carjackers.
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It has since been discontinued, with the inventor moving on to pocket-sized self-defence flamethrowers. Other uses Flamethrowers are occasionally used for igniting for. For example, in the production of, where are burned to get rid of the dry dead leaves which clog, and incidentally kill any lurking venomous. More common, however, a or a (fusee) is used.U.S. Troops allegedly used flamethrowers on the streets of Washington, D.C. (mentioned in a December 1998 article in the San Francisco Flier), as one of several clearance methods used for the surprisingly large amount of snow that fell before the presidential inauguration of. A history article on the U.S.
Army Corps of Engineers notes, 'In the end, the task force employed hundreds of, rotaries, and allegedly flamethrowers to clear the way'.A squad armed with backpack flamethrowers had an important part in the. They had one big tank each. They could make a flame about 12 feet long.In April 2014 it was reported that a North Korean government official, Deputy Minister at the was executed by flamethrower.It has been known for police to fill a 'flamethrower', not with flammable liquid, but rather with tear gas dissolved in water as a riot-control device; see.See also. (used to shoot dissolved in water).Notes.